𝙾𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚜é𝚎 𝚙𝚊𝚛 𝚕𝚊 𝙱𝚊𝚗𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝙰𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚍’𝙸𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝-𝙴𝚡𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝 (𝙰𝚏𝚛𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚖𝚋𝚊𝚗𝚔), 𝚕𝚊 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚖𝚒è𝚛𝚎 é𝚍𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚍𝚞 𝙵𝚘𝚛𝚞𝚖 𝚍’𝚊𝚏𝚏𝚊𝚒𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚗 𝚁é𝚙𝚞𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚎, 𝚊 𝚕𝚒𝚎𝚞 𝚕𝚎 𝟶𝟸 𝚍é𝚌𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚎 𝟸𝟶𝟸𝟸, 𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝚕𝚊 𝚜𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚏é𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚕’𝚑ô𝚝𝚎𝚕 𝙻𝚎𝚍𝚐𝚎𝚛 𝙿𝚕𝚊𝚣𝚊 à 𝙱𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚒. 𝙿𝚛é𝚜𝚒𝚍é 𝚙𝚊𝚛 𝚕𝚎 𝚍𝚒𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚎𝚞𝚛 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚊𝚋𝚒𝚗𝚎𝚝 𝚍𝚞 𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚝è𝚛𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚝 𝚍𝚞 𝚋𝚞𝚍𝚐𝚎𝚝 𝙼. 𝚆𝚊𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚊 𝚈𝚊𝚖𝚋𝚘𝚞𝚔𝚊, 𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚛é𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚗𝚝 𝚕𝚎 𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎 𝙷𝚎𝚛𝚟é𝙽𝚍𝚘𝚋𝚊 𝚎𝚖𝚙ê𝚌𝚑é, 𝚌𝚎 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚞𝚖 𝚏𝚒𝚐𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚊𝚞 𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚐 𝚍’𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚜 𝚍é𝚙𝚕𝚘𝚢é𝚎𝚜 𝚙𝚊𝚛 𝙰𝚏𝚛𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚖𝚋𝚗𝚊𝚔 𝚎𝚗 𝚟𝚞𝚎 𝚍’é𝚌𝚑𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚎𝚛 𝚊𝚟𝚎𝚌 𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚙é𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚞𝚛𝚜 é𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚒𝚚𝚞𝚎𝚜 𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚜, 𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝚕’𝚘𝚙𝚝𝚒𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚍’𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚙𝚝𝚎𝚛 𝚘𝚞 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚏𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝚜𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚒𝚝é𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚍𝚞 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚎 𝚜𝚎𝚕𝚘𝚗 𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚋𝚎𝚜𝚘𝚒𝚗𝚜 𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚏𝚒é𝚜.

𝚂𝚎𝚕𝚘𝚗 𝙼. 𝙸𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚑𝚒𝚖 𝙱𝚊𝚐𝚊𝚛𝚖𝚊, 𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚏 𝚍𝚎 𝚖𝚒𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝙰𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚕’𝙰𝚏𝚛𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚖𝚋𝚊𝚗𝚔, 𝚕’𝚘𝚋𝚓𝚎𝚝 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚙𝚊𝚕 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚎 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚞𝚖, 𝚎𝚜𝚝 𝚍𝚎 𝚙𝚛é𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛 𝚊𝚞𝚡 𝚊𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚝é𝚜 𝚎𝚝 à 𝚕𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚞𝚗𝚊𝚞𝚝é 𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚑𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚎𝚜 𝚍’𝚊𝚏𝚏𝚊𝚒𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚜, 𝚕’𝙰𝚏𝚛𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚖𝚋𝚊𝚗𝚔 𝚎𝚝 𝚜𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚒𝚏𝚏é𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚒𝚝𝚜. 𝙰𝚞 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚒𝚌𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚕’𝙴𝚝𝚊𝚝 𝚎𝚝 𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚟é𝚜, 𝚌𝚎𝚝𝚝𝚎 𝚋𝚊𝚗𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚜𝚎 𝚟𝚎𝚞𝚝 𝚞𝚗 𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝𝚊𝚗𝚝 𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚎𝚞𝚛 𝚍𝚞 𝚍é𝚟𝚎𝚕𝚘𝚙𝚙𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚊 𝚁é𝚙𝚞𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚎, 𝚎𝚗 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚞𝚟𝚊𝚗𝚝 𝚎𝚝 𝚎𝚗 𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚗ç𝚊𝚗𝚝 𝚕𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚎 𝚎𝚝 𝚊𝚞𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚒𝚝é𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚗𝚎𝚡𝚎𝚜.

𝙰𝚞 𝚗𝚘𝚖 𝚍𝚞 𝚐𝚘𝚞𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝, 𝚕𝚎 𝚍𝚒𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚎𝚞𝚛 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚊𝚋𝚒𝚗𝚎𝚝 𝚍𝚞 𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚝è𝚛𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚜 𝚎𝚝 𝚍𝚞 𝚋𝚞𝚍𝚐𝚎𝚝 𝚊 𝚛𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚒é, 𝚊𝚞 𝚗𝚘𝚖 𝚍𝚞 𝚐𝚘𝚞𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚌𝚎𝚝𝚝𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚋𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚛𝚎 𝚙𝚘𝚞𝚛 𝚕’𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚍𝚎 𝚌𝚎 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚞𝚖 𝚎𝚗 𝚏𝚊𝚟𝚎𝚞𝚛 𝚍𝚎 𝚕’é𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚒𝚎 𝚌𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚎. 𝙿𝚘𝚞𝚛 𝙼. 𝚈𝚊𝚖𝚋𝚘𝚞𝚔𝚊, 𝚌𝚎𝚝𝚝𝚎 𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚒𝚝é 𝚜’𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚌𝚛𝚒𝚝 𝚍𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝚕𝚊 𝚍𝚛𝚘𝚒𝚝𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚗𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚊 𝚟𝚒𝚜𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚍𝚞 𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚏 𝚍𝚎 𝚕’𝙴𝚝𝚊𝚝 𝚚𝚞𝚒, 𝚟𝚎𝚞𝚝 𝚏𝚊𝚒𝚛𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚊 𝚁𝙲𝙰 𝚞𝚗 𝚖𝚘𝚍è𝚕𝚎 𝚎𝚗 𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚒è𝚛𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚍é𝚟𝚎𝚕𝚘𝚙𝚙𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚜𝚒𝚏.

𝙿𝚘𝚞𝚛 𝚖é𝚖𝚘𝚒𝚛𝚎, 𝚕𝚊 𝙱𝚊𝚗𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝙰𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚍’𝙸𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝-𝙴𝚡𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝 (𝙰𝚏𝚛𝚎𝚡𝚒𝚖𝚋𝚊𝚗𝚔) 𝚎𝚜𝚝 𝚕’𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚖𝚞𝚕𝚝𝚒𝚕𝚊𝚝é𝚛𝚊𝚕𝚎 𝚙𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚒è𝚛𝚎 𝚍é𝚍𝚒é𝚎 𝚊𝚞 𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚎𝚝 à 𝚕𝚊 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚍𝚞 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊- 𝚎𝚝 𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚛𝚊-𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗. 𝙴𝚕𝚕𝚎 𝚊 é𝚝é 𝚌𝚛éé 𝚎𝚗 𝚘𝚌𝚝𝚘𝚋𝚛𝚎 𝟷𝟿𝟿𝟹 𝚙𝚊𝚛 𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚐𝚘𝚞𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚜 𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚜, 𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚒𝚗𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚞𝚛𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚟é𝚜 𝚎𝚝 𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚗𝚎𝚕𝚜 𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚜 𝚎𝚝 𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚒𝚗𝚟𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚞𝚛𝚜 𝚗𝚘𝚗 𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚜 𝚙𝚘𝚞𝚛 𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚛 𝚎𝚝 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚞𝚟𝚘𝚒𝚛 𝚕𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚌𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊- 𝚎𝚝 𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚛𝚊-𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗. 𝙻𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚎𝚞𝚡 𝚍𝚘𝚌𝚞𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚏𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚋𝚊𝚜𝚎 𝚜𝚘𝚗𝚝: 𝚕’𝚊𝚌𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚍 𝚍’é𝚝𝚊𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝, 𝚚𝚞𝚒 𝚕𝚞𝚒 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚏è𝚛𝚎 𝚕𝚎 𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚝 𝚍’𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚕𝚎; 𝚎𝚝 𝚕𝚊 𝙲𝚑𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚎, 𝚚𝚞𝚒 𝚛é𝚐𝚒𝚝 𝚕𝚊 𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚌𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚎𝚝 𝚕𝚎 𝚏𝚘𝚗𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚗𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚍𝚎 𝚕’𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚜𝚎. 𝙲𝚎𝚝𝚝𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚝𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚋𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚛𝚎 𝚊 𝚍é𝚓à 𝚎𝚗𝚛ô𝚕é 𝟻𝟶𝟶 𝚋𝚊𝚗𝚚𝚞𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚎𝚜 𝚜𝚞𝚛 𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝟽𝟶𝟶 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚝𝚎 𝚕’𝙰𝚏𝚛𝚒𝚚𝚞𝚎.